municipal

In narrower, more common, sense, it means pertaining to a local governmental unit, commonly, a city or town or other governmental unit. In its broader sense, it means pertaining to the public or governmental affairs of a state or nation or of a people. Chadwick v. City of Crawfordsville, 216 Ind. 399, 24 N.E.2d 937, 941, 942.

Relating to a state or nation, particularly when considered as an entity independent of other states or nations. Hammel v. Little, 66 App.D.C. 356, 87 F.2d 907, 910

@ municipal action

Exercise of governmental power by a municipal board, agency, or other body, or by a municipal officer. Orme v. Atlas Gas & Oil Co., 217 Minn. 27, 13 N.W.2d 757, 761

@ municipal affairs

A term referring to the internal business affairs of a municipality. Griffin v. City of Los Angeles, 134 Cal.App. 763, 26 P.2d 655.

The term is frequently used in constitutional and statutory provisions concerning the power to legislate as to the concerns of municipalities. And it has come to include public service activities, such as supplying water to the inhabitants, the construction of a reservoir for their benefit, the sale and distribution of electrical energy, and the establishment and operation of transportation service, which were once regarded as being of a strictly private nature.

See also municipal function

@ municipal aid

A contribution or assistance granted by a municipal corporation towards the execution or progress of some enterprise, undertaken by private parties, but likely to be of benefit to the municipality; e.g., urban redevelopment projects

@ municipal authorities

As used in statutes contemplating the consent of such authorities, the term means the consent by the legislative authorities of the city acting by ordinance; for example, in a town, the members of the town board.

@ municipal bonds

Evidences of indebtedness (debt obligations) issued by state or local government entities, negotiable in form, payable at designated future time, and intended for sale in market with object of raising money for municipal expense, which is beyond immediate resources of reasonable taxation, as distinguished from temporary evidences of debt, such as vouchers, certificates of indebtedness, orders, or drafts drawn by one officer on another and similar devices for liquidating current obligations in anticipation of collection of taxes. A bond issued by a village, town, city, county, state, or other public body. Interest on such bonds is generally exempt from federal income taxes and from some state income taxes. Sometimes referred to as "tax exempts."

@ municipal charter

A legislative enactment conferring governmental powers of the state upon its local agencies

@ municipal corporation

A legal institution formed by charter from sovereign (i.e. state) power erecting a populous community of prescribed area into a body politic and corporate with corporate name and continuous succession and for the purpose and with the authority of subordinate self-government and improvement and local administration of affairs of state. A body corporate consisting of the inhabitants of a designated area created by the legislature with or without the consent of such inhabitants for governmental purposes, possessing local legislative and administrative power, also power to exercise within such area so much of the administrative power of the state as may be delegated to it and possessing limited capacity to own and hold property and to act in purveyance of public conveniences.

Municipal corporation is a body politic and corporate, created to administer the internal concerns of the district embraced with its corporate limits, in matters peculiar to such place and not common to the state at large. Tribe v. Salt Lake City Corp., Utah, 540 P.2d 499, 502.

A municipal corporation has a dual character, the one public and the other private, and exercises correspondingly twofold functions and duties-one class consisting of those acts performed by it in exercise of delegated sovereign powers for benefit of people generally, as arm of state, enforcing general laws made in pursuance of general policy of the state, and the other consisting of acts done in exercise of power of the municipal corporation for its own benefit, or for benefit of its citizens alone, or citizens of the municipal corporation and its immediate locality. Associated Enterprises, Inc. v. Toltec Watershed Imp. Dist, Wyo., 490 P.2d 1069, 1070.

See also public corporations.

@ quasi municipal corporations

Bodies politic and corporate, created for the sole purpose of performing one or more municipal functions. Public corporations organized for governmental purposes and having for most purposes the status and powers of municipal corporations (such as counties, townships, school districts, drainage districts, irrigation districts, etc.), but not municipal corporations proper, such as cities and incorporated towns

@ municipal corporation de facto

One which exists when there is

(1) some law under which a corporation with the powers assumed might lawfully have been created;

(2) a colorable and bona fide attempt to perfect an organization under such a law;

(3) user of the rights claimed to have been conferred by the law

@ municipal courts

In the judicial organization of several states, courts are established under this name with territorial authority confined to the city or community in which they are established. Such courts usually have a criminal jurisdiction corresponding to that of a police court, and, in some cases, possess civil jurisdiction in small causes. In certain cities, small claims or traffic courts are under the jurisdiction of the municipal court

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- municipal domicile

@ municipal function

One created or granted for the special benefit and advantage of the urban community embraced within the corporate boundaries. State ex rel. Gebhardt v. City Council of Helena, 102 Mont. 27, 55 P.2d 671, 673.

Municipal functions are those which specially and peculiarly promote the comfort, convenience, safety and happiness of the citizens of the municipality, rather than the welfare of the general public. Under this class of functions are included, in most jurisdictions, the proper care of streets and alleys, parks and other public places, and the erection and maintenance of public utilities and improvements generally

@ municipal government

Instrumentalities of state for purpose of local government. Moore v. State, 159 Tenn. 468,19 S.W.2d 233.

This term, in certain state constitutions, embraces the governmental affairs of counties, and includes all forms of representative municipal governments-towns, cities, villages, etc.

See also municipality

@ municipality

A legally incorporated or duly authorized association of inhabitants of limited area for local governmental or other public purposes. A body politic created by the incorporation of the people of a prescribed locality invested with subordinate powers of legislation to assist in the civil government of the state and to regulate and administer local and internal affairs of the community. State ex rel. Mclntire v. City Council of City of Libby, 107 Mont. 216, 82 P.2d 587, 588.

A city, borough, town, township or village. Also, the body of officers taken collectively, belonging to a city, who are appointed to manage its affairs and defend its interests. Political subdivision or public agency or instrumentality of a State. Bankruptcy Code No. 101.

See also person (Municipalities)

@ municipal law

That which pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state, and is thus distinguished from political law, commercial law, and international law. City of Louisville v. Babb, C.C.A.Ind., 75 F.2d 162, 165.

In its more common and narrower connotation however it means those laws which pertain to towns, cities and villages and their local government. People ex rel. Ray v. Martin, 294 N.Y. 61, 60 N.E.2d 541, 547, 548

@ municipal lien

A lien or claim existing in favor of a municipal corporation against a property owner for his proportionate share of a public improvement, made by the municipality, whereby his property is specially and individually benefited

@ municipal officer

One who holds an office of a municipality; e.g. mayor, city manager

@ municipal ordinance

A law, rule, or ordinance enacted or adopted by a municipal corporation for the proper conduct of its affairs or the government of its inhabitants; e.g. zoning or traffic ordinances, building codes. Particularly a regulation under a delegation of power from the state

@ municipal purposes

Public or governmental purposes as distinguished from private purposes. It may comprehend all activities essential to the health, morals, protection, and welfare of the municipality

@ municipal securities

The evidences of indebtedness issued by cities, towns, counties, townships, school-districts, and other such territorial divisions of a state. They are of two general classes:

(1) Municipal warrants, orders, or certificates;

(2) municipal bonds.

The term "municipal securities" means securities which are direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by, a State or any political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality of a State or any political subdivision thereof, or any municipal corporate instrumentality of one or more States, or any security which is an industrial development bond (as defined in No. 103(cX2) of the Internal Revenue Code) the interest on which is excludable from gross income. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, No.3.

See municipal bonds

- municipal warrants

@ municipal warrants

A municipal warrant or order is an instrument drawn by an officer of a municipality upon its treasurer, directing him to pay an amount of money specified therein to the person named or his order, or to bearer

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